Рубрика: English 9

1 Read the following information about famous moments in history. Then underline the correct form. Only one verts in each paragraph is past perfect

A Columbus lift Spain in August 1492 with three ships, to try and find a way to India by salling west instead of ean. When his ships finally michiol/hal finally reached land on 12 October, he thought he was there, but the ships achatlly arrived/hal actually amivel in America instead, Captain Robert Scott wanted to reach the South Pule find. He and his companions finally arrived there on 1 jamsary 1912 altet a terrible journey across the ice, but e fondhand found a Norwegian flag. Unfortunately for Scott, Roald Amundsen d got/hed get there on 14 December, 18 days earliet

C. Leonsarde pointed his famous The Last Supper between 1495 and 1498, but the poloting started to deteriorate within 50 years. The most common explanation for this used to be that Lennardo essed had uned the wrong kind of paint, but experts have always disagreed about this, and many believe that the damp in the wall is the cause of the damage. Between 1978 and 1999, experts restored/hal instored the patating, and the public can now see it agairs.

Complete the sentence with the past simple or past perfect simple form of the verb in brackets.

a When I (try) tried 10 use my laptop, I realized the battery (rus) had run the computer off, but forgot that 1 (not save) hadn’t saved Lonly remembered I (not pay) hadn’t pought down. my work

b1 (turn) furned

stopped

the bill when my Internet connection (stop)

d When I (receive) recevied

the e-mall, I couldn’t understand who (send) had sert

e When I (check) theked

the instructions, I understood what I (do) had done

working.

I knew I (receivemovies

a virus when 1 (min) had run the anti-virus program. the document, 1 knew 1 (make) had made a mistake.

As soon as I (download) downloaded I could see what (go) had gone

I knew I (press) had pressed

wrong as soon as i (look) looked the wrong key when nothing (happen) had happened Inside the printer.

When the screen (go)

it

blank, I couldn’t understand how it (happen) had happened

Read these sentences about Julius Caesar. Then complete the sentence with the patt simple or past perfect form of the verts in brackets

Julut Camar (come) from an aristocratic Remsan family, thought his family was not rich by Roman standarsh

b. When he was 15 his father idici

and to avoid political problems In Rome, Caesar Dev soldier in the east. By the time he retum) to Rome,

he (es) hat wo awards for bravery

He thecomes me s member of the Senate, and governor of what is now Spain. By the age of 40 he fine) top of the political world, and (form) to the

a political alliance with a powerful genetal, Pompey, and a rich man. Cravnas

Between 38 BC and 419 BC be (fight)

a war against the people of what are now Pance Belgium, Switzerland and parts of Germany By the end of this war, according to the histonan

Plutarch, there million mendie)

hts 50 BC the Senate (order) wed Caesar to return to Rome. By that time, Crassus was dead and Pompey become enemy. Caesar’s

In the civil war that followed, Caesat (defeat) all his enemies.

By the time a group of Roman senators (murder) morderst him in 44 BC, he (he) ht

the most powerful man in Rome for only a year

4 Choose the correct form, A, B or C to complete the sentence.

On 24 December 2004, Tilly Smith, 10 year-old British school on the beach with her family. They Christmas in Thailand Suddenly Tily d and wares A op the beach. The besch perthquake in Sumatrs that morsang, but she B her mother what she So she teacher Andrew Kearney close to the shore, and p that something was wrong the could see that the wate smaller and smaller. She that there had been an at school just two weeks before. a geography lession slee about earthquakes and giant waves. Luckily for the Smith family Tily’s the class about earthquakes and them a video of a tounam in Hawall Tilly Tily back to their hotel, which was not too streaming at her parents to get off the beach. They the alarm. One of the staff, who was Japanese, the word bunam, and the terrible effects of that terrible day. everyone to leave the beach. From their room on the third floor, the Smiths the saunami on the area. Thanks to Tilly, everybody from that beach

5 Read the story of Archimedes and his bath. Then complete the text with the correct form of the verb in lirackets.

Arhimedes, the Gteck mehemicon, is probably most famous for the story of King Hienna II of Syracuse and the gold crown. The king a (want) wanted to give a gold crown as a gắt to the gods, and bigive) ave a carefully weighest

one of grid ut a gidsenich. The man e (pendice) produced a hexunful

crown, hui the king was worried that the craftsman of (not use) not used gold to make the crown, Dishonen craftsmen ofien e (min) moed all the pold wwh silver, which was cheaper, but the king could not find a way of perweing that the ret Full had dors this the Lusk) asked Arciumedes to solve the problem. Archimedes

than gold and silver have differem dentities. The problem was that nobody could object like a crown, While Archimedes i thank was thinking public hatles to relax, While lie dit was climbing some sour on the pill spilled that he so ved about dus problem. into the hath, he over the side of the bath, and he the problem by accident. The total ansount of out of the must be the same at the volume of his body He could sese a cast threen and see if it was die same. According to down the street that he s icheat) had cheated calculate the mam of an he decided to go to the (tatus) noticed Crealize) realized water that e (spill) spilled piece of pure gold and calculate its volume, the story, he p Qump) при straight out of the bath and q (run)tan calling Eunika-I’ve found it. The goldsenth soon r (admit) admitted the long, and was purashed. Archimedes (discover) discovered a principle of buoyancy

Read the sentences about two mountain climbers. Then complete the sentence with the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous form of the verb in brackets

The two climbers stapped to rest. They ind had been climbing be hours and were exhausted. Things were not looking good. нов)

They were very hd, lau ( heavily since mid morning, and one of them tharti hat hurt hus ankle.

They look tening Fot shelter for the past two hours, because they mallard that the weather was going to get worse. d. They already phone the

escor centre for helps They also leave had a details of their planned route at the village where they stayed the night.

they were experienced bees and they carefully for their trip. They karw there was a cave halfway up the tam

They spent a long time searching for the cove before they realized that they thead

had been heading in the wrong direction

Then the snow stopped, and they could see the dark entrance of the cave nearby.

Luckily they bring)

warm clothes and plenty of food with them, and they walted safely in the cave

hat, t-short, dress, rings, boots, socks, shoos, hoody, bracelet, necklace, earring, glasses, trousers, jacket, shirt, blouse, belt, rim, hear clip, clips, hair elastic, scarf, cap, piercing, tie, bag, purse, umbrella, wallet, watch, top, clothes, skirt

items usually worm by women only: dress, skirt, top, rim, purse,
items usually worn by men only:
outdoor items: hat, t-short, dress, rings, boots, socks, shoos, hoody, bracelet, necklace, earring, glasses, trousers, jacket, shirt, blouse, belt, rim, hear clip, clips, hair elastic, scarf, cap, piercing, tie, bag, purse, umbrella, wallet, watch, top, clothes, skirt
formal items: t-short, dress, boots, bracelet, hat, rings, socks, shoos, necklace, earring, glasses, trousers, jacket, shirt, blouse, belt, rim, hear clip, hair elastic, scarf, tie, bag, purse, watch, skirt
items you would never wear: piercing

Situation:

Your co-worker often asks you to ‘cover’ for him. For example, yesterday
he took an extra half-hour for lunch and he asked you to tell the boss that
he was in a meeting.

Student A:
Hey, can you do me a favor?
I took an extra 30 minutes for lunch yesterday, and the boss might have noticed. Could you tell him I was in a meeting if he asks?

Student B:
Seriously? You’re going to get both of us in trouble. The boss is already suspicious about people taking longer breaks.

Student A:
Come on, this is an emergency! I couldn’t get back in time because of traffic. I really need you to cover for me, just this once.

Student B:
I’ve already done this before for you. If the boss finds out, we’ll both be in hot water.

Student A:
I promise, it won’t happen again. I just need you to back me up this one last time.

Student B:
I don’t know… This is risky. You need to stop putting me in these situations.

Student A:
I get it, and I’m sorry. I’ll make sure it doesn’t happen again.

Complete the sentence with used to a verb from the list.

write spend

work

hold

help

act

teach

tell

do

Charles Dickens, the novelist, ased to write until early in the morning, and then go for long walks across London.

in some of his own plays. William Shakespeare used to act

The German philosophu Immanuel Kant used to do same time every day, so that people used to set exactly the same things at the their watches by his actions.

The author Agatha Christle used to help her second husband with his archaeological

excavations. The novelist James Joyce vsed to teach English in the Italian city of Trieste, and some

people say that he used to tell his students the wrong meanings of words as a joke.

The novelist Marcel Proust used to write In a special soundproof room.

The ancient Greek philosophers used to hold Is The Russian novelist Vladimir Nabokov used to spend their classes outside in the open air. bis free time studying and catching

moths and butterflies.

5 Complete the sentence with used to the verb in brackets in positive, negative or question form.

a What things (be) ased to be different in the past?

b For a start, all the continents (form) used to form one large land mais.

Obviously, there (be) ose to be the Earth cities and buildings, and forest covered a third of

d. The climate was different, and animals such as the lilppopotamus and thinoceros (estst) used to exist in northern Europe.

Many mountains in Europe (hejused to be active volcanoes,

Early people (live) didn’t use to live In complex societtes, but in small groups in places

where they could find food. What (cat did early people use to eat, They (cat) used to eat whatever they could find.

hEarly pesaple (stay) didn’t use to stay in the same place, but (travel) uned to travel distances, following the animals they needed for food.

fong

6 Complete the text with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

The Vikings in America

Acconting to Viking conds, mund the year 1,000, while some Viking sailors Dook for) were looking for

the coon of Gecenland, they breach) mached the eastern coast of Amernica. While they

live were twing there, they of (trybied

to trade with the local Native Americans,

known by the Vilkongs as Skraelings, hut ut the end the Native Americans (fight) fought them out. Aler several anempes to mom, the Whings them and drive drove

in

the semant of one of the Viking settlements, and

give up) gave up

In 1966, while some atchanologists h (work) were working

Newfoundland, they (discover) discovered prove proved that the cory was true

Charles-Marie de la Condamine

In 1735 Chartes-Marie de la Condamine (sail soiled America. At that Viene, scientiris largue) were arguing

South

about the shape

of the Earth. The French Academy m (want)

warned him to take memmernes on the Expater, along with

we other scientists. The work

(tale) took them eight years and in the end. another

orific team o Chul) found

Douk for were looking

was traveling heme

Gearn) leamed

the awwer they

While de la Condamine Omnel)

along the River Amazon, he

many interesting things about the local people und their way of Ide When he (are) amived Pans 1745

hee (receive) received hetus welcome

1 Complete the sentence with the past simple form of the verb in brackets.

a Aztec civilization (develop) developed in the Valley of Mexico, 7,500 feet above sea level.

b The Aztecs (leave) left their own land of Aztlan at some time during the 12th or 13th century.

<They (believe) for a new land, belived that Huitzilopochth their war god (want) wanted them to search

d. They (arrive) arrived In the Valley of Mexico during the 12th or 13th century AD.

• They (bulld) built their capital city, «Tenochtitlan, on an island in Lake Texcoco.

hard and

They (planti planted trees on the island to make the land better, (worki (improve) improved the land. 9. When the Spatiish (arrive) arrived In 1519, Montezuma, the Aztec ruler, (think) thought

that Cortez was a returning god. h. When the Spanish (see) saw the Aztecs’ gold, they (decide) desidet

To-conquer the city. the Aztecs and (destroy) Later they (Rith killed Montezuma, (defeat) destroyed Aztec religion and culture.

2 Complete the sentence with the past simple form of the verb in brackets. Then decide if each sentence is True or False. Check the factual answers on page 208.

a Greck actors (wear) masks and special boots. Trac

b Spartan children (take) took baths only two or three times a year, true

The philosopher Socrates (drink) drank poison and alied true

Alexander the Great’s army (go) went as far as China false

Heron of Alexandria (make) made a kind of jet engine. true

f The Roman Emperor Caligula’s name (mean) mean «Happy Soldier’. false

g Rowan mathematics (have) had 10-zero true

Most Roman girls (get) got

Roman soldiers (pay)

paled

married at the age of 18.

3 Seven of the sentences (including the example) contain historical errors. Guess which ones are wrong and rewrite them with a negative past simple form. Check the factual answers on page 208.

a Alexander the Great married Cleopatra.

Alexander the Great didn’t marry Cleopatra.

tb Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa in 1994.

Leonardo da Vinci invented the Internet.

Leonardo da Vinci didn’t invented the Internet

d Confucius the Chinese philosopher died in 1900.

Confucius the Chinese philosopher didn’t died in 1900.

e Marco Polo stayed in China for five years. Marco Polo didn’t stay in China for five years

f The ancient Romans used steam engines in their battles.

The ancient Romans didn’t use steam endies in their battles

g Genghis Khan invaded Italy and captured Rome. Genghis Khan didn’t invade Italy and capture Rome

th Christopher Columbus reached America by accident.

iWilliam Shakespeare wrote Don Quixote.

William Shakespeare didn’t write Don Quixote.

history

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

4 Complete the question for each answer.

The Industrial Revolution in Britain

a When did the Industrial Revolution happen in Britam

The ladustrial Revolution happened during the second half of the 18th century in Britaur.

b How did work change Work changed with the building of large factories.

did the first factories produce The first factories produced fron, steel, and textiles.

What

d What did new technology encouraged the production

New technology encouraged the production of more ships, and railway equipment.

What power did factories use

Factories used steam power.

What did these factories require

These factories required lots of coal for the steam engines. did manufacturers construct

Where

Manufacturers constructed their factories close to coal mines.

h Why did they decide to do this

They decided to do this because it was expensive to transport coal.

I What did factories also need limestone and iron ore

Factories also needed limestone and iron ore, for the manufacture of steel.

j Where did industry in the UK develop

Industry in the UK developed near the coal fields of South Wales, the Midlands, north-east England and central Scotland.

5 Rewrite each statement about the playwright William Shakespeare as a yes/no question.

a He came from a rich family.

Q Did he come from a rich family

A No, not really. His father was a glove maker.

b. He grew up in London.

Q Did he grew up in London?

A No, in Stratford upon Avon, a small town about 160 km from London.

c He went to school.

Q Did he went to school

A Yes, we think so.

d Ile knew Latin.

Q Did he knew Latin

A Yes, he learnt Latin at school, and some Greek as well.

e He got married.

Q Did he got married

A Yes, he was only 18 when he married Anne Hathaway, aged 26.

f They had children.

Q Did they have children

A Yes, a danghter Susanna, and twins, a boy Hammet and a girl Judith.

6 Complete the text with the past simple affirmative, negative or question forms of the verbs in brackets.

science

Louis Pasteur 1822-1895

As a young man, Pasteur a he b (become) became studied at the Ecole Normale in Paris. Then at the age of just 32. a prolessor at the University of Lille, In 1856, Pasteur e (receive) received a visit from a man called Bigo who d (own) e (make) made alcohol from sugar beet. He f (have) Pasteur: why g (the alcohol/turn/ to acid?) owned had does the alcohol turn to acid h (happen) happened they 1 (not can) couldn’t threw it away: Digo k (ask) asked a factory that a question for When this use it and I (throw) Pasteur to find out the reason for this.

At first, Pasteur 1 (not know) didn’t knew but when he m (examine)

tested the alcohol under a nticrescape, he n (find) found believed

thousands of tiny micro-organisms. He o (believe) p (cause) caused in the same way?) Does milk, that they the problem. q (milk, wine and vinegar/behave/ wine and vinegar behave in the same way? disagreed with him, and newspapers

Other scientists (disagree) s (make) made lun of him. However, Pasteur t (continue) continued with his work, he u (invent) invented methods of testing his theory and v (prove) that he was right. Later he w (work) proved worked together with two doctors and x (develop) developed vaccines for diseases such as anthrax and rabies.

SSARY

g He began writing plays in Stratford.

Q Did he begin writing plays in Stratford?

A We don’t really know. We only know that after 1592 he was an actor and writer in London.

h He wrote 37 plays all by himself.

Q Did he write 37 plays all be himself

A Well, we know he wrote two plays together with John Fletcher. Some people think that all his plays were really written by somebody else.

i He made up all the characters and plots of his plays.

Q Did he make up all characters and plots of his plays

A Actually no. He borrowed lots of ideas from other writers. This was quite usual in his time.

J He became rich and famous.

Q Did he become rich and famous

A He certainly became quite rich, and his plays were popular. But he only became really famous in the 18th century and later.

g He began writing plays in Stratford.

Q Did he begin writing plays in Stratford?

A We don’t really know. We only know that after 1592 he was an actor and writer in London.

h He wrote 37 plays all by himself.

Q Did he write 37 plays all be himself

A Well, we know he wrote two plays together with John Fletcher. Some people think that all his plays were really written by somebody else.

i He made up all the characters and plots of his plays.

Q Did he make up all characters and plots of his plays

A Actually no. He borrowed lots of ideas from other writers. This was quite usual in his time.

J He became rich and famous.

Q Did he become rich and famous

A He certainly became quite rich, and his plays were popular. But he only became really famous in the 18th century and later.

1 Complete the sentence with the past simple form of the verb in brackets.

a Aztec civilization (develop) b The Aztecs (leave) left developed in the Valley of Mexico, 7,500 feet above sea level. their own land of Artlan at some time during the 12th or 13th century.

They (believe) for a new land. belived that Huitzilopochtli their war god (want) wanted them to search

d. They (arrive) arrived They (bulld) built In the Valley of Mexico during the 12th or 13th century AD. their capital city, Tenochtitlan, on an island in Lake Texcoco.

1 They (plant) planted trees on the island to make the land better, (work) hard and

(improve) improved the land.

6 Complete the text with the past simple affirmative, negative or question forms of the verbs in brackets.

Louis Pasteur 1822-1895

As a young man, Pasteur a he b (become) became studied at the École Normale in Paris. Then at the age of juu 32, a prolessor at the University of Lille. In 1856, Pasteur e (receive) received a visit from a man called Bigo who d (own) e (make) made alcohol from sugar beet. He f (have) Pasteur: why g (the alcohol/turn/to acid?) h (happen) happened threw owned had does the alcohol turn to acid they I (not can) it away: Bigo k (ask) asked couldn’t a factory that a question for ? When this use it and (throw) Pasteur to find out the reason for this.

At first, Pasteur 1 (not know) didn’t knew but when he m (examine)

tested the alcohol under a microscope, he n (find) found

thousands of tiny micro-organisms. He o (believe) p (cause) caused believed that they the problem. q (milk, wine and vinegar/behave/ in the same way?) Does milk, wine and vinegar behave in the same way Other scientists r (disagree) disagreed s (make) made with him, and newspapers lun of him. However, Pasteur t (continue) continued with his work, he u (invent) methods of resung his theory and v (prove) that he was right. Later he w (work) doctors and x (develop) invented proved worked together with two developed vaccines for diseases such as

anthrax and rabies.

A — Avcado, apple, aprikot
B — bacon, blueberry, burgr, beef, bleckberry
C — callifolwer, cake, cherry, carrots, chips, curry, coffe
D — dill, dates, dewberry, donut, dolcelatte, dolma, duck, dungeness crab, deli meat
E — eggplant, Eggs, Elderberries, Edamame, English cucumber, Enoki mushrooms
F — fig, fish,Flat Beans, Friggitello, Frisée, Fioretto, Fioretto
G — grapes, guava, goat,
H — Hot-dog, hamburger, hummus, harissa, halva, honey
I — Ice, ice-cream
J — jelly, jam, Jackfruit
K — Kiwi, kimchi, ketchup, kimbap
L — Lemon, Lime, Lahmacun
M — marshmallow, macaroni, milk, mushrooms, margerine, melon, Mint
N — nuggets, Nutella, Noodles, nori, noodles
O — omlet,  octopus, omelet, onions, orzo, oysters, oregano, oxheart, orach
P — pear, painapple, pork, pepper, pickles, pizza, pickles
Q — quince, quail, qurabiya, quesito, queijadinha, quirks.
R — roll, raisin, red pepper, rice, red cabbage,
S — steak, soup, sandwich, soy sauce, spelt, swordfish, snails, strawberries, soybeans,  sorghum
T — tea, tomato, toast, tabasco, teriyaki,
V — vanilla, vagetable marrow, vasabi, veal
W —  watermelon, water
X — xavier soup
Y — yogurt, yolk
Z — zucchini

What nouns are formed from these verbs?

discuss discussion

2 pronounce pronounciation

4 revise revision

1 repeat repeatition

3 explain explanation

5 chat chat

Circle the correct answer.

If you explain something, you make it easy to say/understand) 1 If you revise something, you say it again/study it again.

2 If something works, it is successful/difficult.

3 If you experiment with something, you try something/find something.

4 You can do/make a mistake.

5 A method is an opportunity to do something/a way of doing something.

6 A chat is a formal/an informal conversation.

Complete the sentences.

We had a conversation on the phone last night.

1 We had a serious discussion in class today about politics.

2 My brother’s got an opportunity to work in Paris next year. Lucky him.

3 I saw Joelle in town and we had a quick chat 4 I used a new method for cooking the rice and it really worked She told me about the wedding. You must try it.

5 Do you think we’ll have a chance to go shopping when we’re in Milan?

6 Choose the correct options. Then, in pairs, tell each other which sentences are true for you.

11 know we known my best friend since I was a child.

2 I don’t wear im not wearing jeans today.

3 ve had I have the same phone for more than a year

4 don’t/Im not liking fish.

5 bean I’ve gone abroad several times.

600 I’m going jogging every Sunday.

1 Where do your parents come frons (your parents/ come from?

2 Who have lived Dive) in your house, apart from you?

do 3 Who usually (do) the cooking in your family?

have you been 4 How long beat your current address?

Have your 5 family ever moved your farnily/ever/movel house?

6 How long is it taking/take) you to get to school?

7 have you ever been (yourever/be) to a really good house party?

8 Why are you learningam) English?

COMPANY Complete the sentences with the teenagers’ names from Exercise 3. Then listen again and check.

1 Michael father is a teacher

2 Jason often meets interesting people.

3 Michant has never been late for class

4 has lived in the same place since he/she was bom.

5 Ele is living on a boat at the moment.

6 Jason doesn’t have to make his/her

Replace the words in italics with a single word that has the same meaning.

I looked at the pictures but didn’t understand the written part, text

1 I understood the general meaning of the text. gist

2 We couldn’t recognize and decide what language they were speaking, identify

3 The way you use words together to make a sentence in German is different, constuct

4 He is from another country, foreginer

5 You can guess the meaning from the words before and after the new word, context

6 There was a text which I had to change from one language into another, translate

Complete the dialogues.

Is ‘How do you do formal ?~ Yes, we usually just say hello

1 Did you know the answer? ~ No, I had to guess

2 Did you understand everything? ~ No, but I got the answer 3 Did you now of it.

everyone? There were one or two people I didn’t know. 4 Were there many foreigners ?~ No, all the people were from this country.

5 Did you understand the text? ~ Yes, but can we go through it again?

6 Do you make a note of new words? ~ Yes, I keep a record in my notebook.